ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

What dietary recommendation is essential for individuals diagnosed with phenylketonuria?

1. High in beans, low in vegetables

2. High in meats, low in beans

3. High in starches, low in fruits

4. High in vegetables, low in meats

The correct answer is: High in vegetables, low in meats

Individuals diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) must follow a strict dietary regimen to manage their condition, primarily due to their inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many protein-containing foods. The recommendation of a diet high in vegetables and low in meats is critical for several reasons. Vegetables are generally low in protein and, therefore, low in phenylalanine, making them a safe choice for individuals with PKU. In contrast, meats and other protein-rich foods contain significant levels of phenylalanine, which can accumulate to toxic levels if consumed. By emphasizing a diet rich in vegetables, patients can obtain essential nutrients while avoiding potentially harmful amounts of phenylalanine. Additionally, this dietary approach helps ensure that individuals with PKU maintain proper nutrition while strictly monitoring their phenylalanine intake. The low-meat aspect of this recommendation is vital, as it significantly reduces the risk of exceeding the safe levels of phenylalanine, allowing for better health management and prevention of the neurological damage associated with PKU. Thus, a high vegetable and low meat diet is essential in supporting the metabolic needs of individuals with phenylketonuria.