ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing and secreting insulin?

1. Alpha cells

2. Beta cells

3. Delta cells

4. Pancreatic polypeptide cells

The correct answer is: Beta cells

The cells in the pancreas responsible for producing and secreting insulin are the beta cells. Located within the islets of Langerhans, these cells have a crucial role in glucose metabolism and maintaining the body's energy balance. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after a meal, beta cells sense the increase and respond by secreting insulin. Insulin then facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels and promoting storage in the liver as glycogen. Other pancreatic cells serve different functions. Alpha cells produce glucagon, which increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose. Delta cells secrete somatostatin, a hormone that regulates the endocrine system and inhibits the release of other hormones. Pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide, which is involved in regulating both the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas and influencing gastric motility and appetite. Each cell type has a unique and vital role in the overall function of the pancreas and the regulation of metabolism.