ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

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Which disorder is associated with celiac disease?

Medullary thyroid cancer
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Pheochromocytoma
Type 1 diabetes mellitus

The correct answer is: Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is closely associated with several other autoimmune disorders and conditions due to the shared genetic and immunological factors. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most recognized disorders associated with celiac disease. Individuals with celiac disease have a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes, which is also an autoimmune condition. This connection is largely attributed to the shared genetic markers (such as HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8) and the potential for a dysfunctional immune response leading to both diseases. The coexistence of these conditions suggests that the presence of one can increase the risk of developing the other. In contrast, the other disorders listed do not have a significant established relationship with celiac disease. Medullary thyroid cancer, parathyroid hyperplasia, and pheochromocytoma are not commonly associated with celiac disease in the same way that type 1 diabetes is. Understanding these associations is important for screening and managing patients with celiac disease, as having celiac disease can influence the overall risk for developing other autoimmune conditions like type 1 diabetes.